Analyzing the Development of Political Rights and Civil Liberties in Albania during the Country’s Democratic Transition: A Comparative Assessment from Freedom House Report Data

Abstract

A nation's ability to develop directly correlates with the preservation of citizens' political rights and civil liberties. These elements are vital for national growth and development. The level of respect for these rights and liberties must, therefore, be examined to understand and assist in the progress of a nation. A primary source of analysis for this study is Freedom House reports, with a focus on two essential components of democracy: political rights and civil liberties. The study focuses on investigating democratization from the start of political reforms in Albania following the collapse of the communist system to this present day. These parameters are further divided into subgroups to provide more detailed analysis. By using the Freedom House index, the study aims to determine whether democratic characteristics in Albania have remained constant or undergone changes. The analysis incorporates developments in these dimensions during the transition, focusing specifically on minority groups, such as voting patterns, political pluralism, freedom of expression and associations, etc. Moreover, the study examines specific areas of concern in Albanian society, including corruption, the rule of law, and other important areas.

Received: 19 February 2024 / Accepted: 15 March 2024 / Published: 23 March 2024